Does the Bible teach that children who die are lost?

    The Bible teaches that children are innocent (witness Jesus words in Matthew 18:3, "Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of God.").  Unfortunately there have been many through the ages who have tried to argue that since the sin of Adam sins and their consequences have been passed on from generation to generation.  This is why many denominations "baptize" (actually they tend to sprinkle or pour) their young.  How do we know that a child does not inherit his father's sins, and how do we know that a child of God is not accountable?
    First, we know that children are holy in God's eyes and protected from judgment because they do not know how to do wrong.  Sin cannot be committed by them because they do not know what sin is.  They are not yet free moral agents.  Different children leave this stage at different times, but for the very young we can be assured that there is no sin and that if they were to die they would not be lost.  This also applies to any children who die in the womb.  Some use Psalm 51:5 to teach the opposite:  that man is born in sin.  Notice that verse more closely (and from a reliable translation) and you will see that the mother is in sin, not the child.  Ezekial 18:20 reads, "The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him."
    Second, we can know that children who die are saved due to the fact that part of what is involved in one's salvation is belief, or faith.  Young children cannot have faith.  Faith is more than simply agreeing to something, it is and active living thing which must be cultivated and used and no small child can to that.  This is part of the fallacy of baptizing infants, for Mark 16:16 reads "he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, he that believeth not shall be damned."  Until the child has developed this capacity he is still under God's grace.